Control

Closing the loop.

Feedback

Open loop commands a movement and hopes. Closed loop measures the result and corrects continuously. Almost everything useful is closed loop.

PID control corrects on present error, accumulated error and rate of change.
Tuning it badly gives oscillation or sluggishness, both familiar to anyone who has tried.

Timing

Control loops run at fixed rates, often hundreds of times a second. Late is as bad as wrong, which is why real-time behaviour matters more than raw speed.