Intellectual property

Four different things.

The categories

Copyright covers original expression automatically. Trademarks protect brand identifiers. Patents protect inventions after examination. Trade secrets are protected by keeping them secret.

Copyright protects expression, never the underlying idea.
Licences grant permission on terms; they do not transfer ownership.

Duration

Copyright commonly lasts the author's life plus seventy years, patents around twenty from filing, and trademarks indefinitely while renewed and used.