Travel and tickets

Rules with real teeth.

Flights and trains

Passenger rights schemes often require care and compensation for long delays and cancellations within the carrier's control, on top of a refund.

Claim directly first; agencies take a large share.
Extraordinary circumstances such as severe weather usually remove compensation but not the duty of care.

Package rules typically make one organiser responsible for the whole trip, which is a stronger position than booking each element separately.